Groowe Groowe BETA / Newsroom
⏱ News is delayed by 15 minutes. Sign in for real-time access. Sign in

Form 8-K

sec.gov

8-K — Tivic Health Systems, Inc.

Accession: 0001683168-26-003161

Filed: 2026-04-23

Period: 2026-04-22

CIK: 0001787740

SIC: 3845 (ELECTROMEDICAL & ELECTROTHERAPEUTIC APPARATUS)

Item: Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year

Item: Financial Statements and Exhibits

Documents

8-K — tivic_8k.htm (Primary)

EX-3.1 — CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT - ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION (tivic_ex0301.htm)

EX-99.1 — PRESS RELEASE, DATED APRIL 23, 2026. (tivic_ex9901.htm)

XML — IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT (R1.htm)

8-K — CURRENT REPORT

8-K (Primary)

Filename: tivic_8k.htm · Sequence: 1

Tivic Health Systems, Inc. Form 8-K

false

--12-31

0001787740

0001787740

2026-04-22

2026-04-22

iso4217:USD

xbrli:shares

iso4217:USD

xbrli:shares

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities

Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date

of earliest event reported): April 22,

2026

Tivic

Health Systems, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its

Charter)

Delaware

001-41052

81-4016391

(State or Other Jurisdiction

(Commission File Number)

(IRS Employer

of Incorporation)

Identification No.)

1305 E. Houston Street,

Building 1, Suite 311

San Antonio, Texas

78205

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: 888 276-6888

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed

Since Last Report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended

to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)

of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading

Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

TIVC

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth

company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange

Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant

has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant

to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Item 5.03 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change

in Fiscal Year.

On April 22, 2026, Tivic Health Systems, Inc. (the “Company”)

filed a certificate of amendment (“Certificate of Amendment”) to its amended and restated certificate of incorporation filed

with the Delaware Secretary of State to change its corporate name to Valion Bio, Inc. (the “Name Change”), effective as of

April 28, 2026. Pursuant to Delaware law, a shareholder vote was not necessary to effectuate the Name Change and it does not affect the

rights of the Company’s shareholders.

The Company intends for its common stock, par value

$0.0001 per share, to cease trading under the ticker symbol ‘TIVC’ and begin trading under its new ticker symbol ‘VBIO’

on The Nasdaq Capital Market LLC, which the Company expects to be effective on April 28, 2026.

A copy of the Company’s Certificate of Amendment

is filed as Exhibit 3.1, with this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

On April 23, 2026, the Company issued a press release

announcing the Name Change. A copy of the press release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated herein by

reference.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d)

Exhibits.

Exhibit No.

Description

3.1

Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed April 22, 2026 (effective April 28, 2026).

99.1

Press Release, dated April 23, 2026.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

2

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,

the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Tivic Health Systems, Inc.

Date:

April 23, 2026

By:

/s/ Lisa Wolf

Name: Lisa Wolf

Title: Chief Financial Officer

3

EX-3.1 — CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT - ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

EX-3.1

Filename: tivic_ex0301.htm · Sequence: 2

Exhibit 3.1

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT

TO THE

AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE

OF INCORPORATION

OF

TIVIC HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC.

TIVIC HEALTH

SYSTEMS, INC. (the “Corporation”), a corporation organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State

of Delaware (the “DGCL”), hereby certifies as follows:

1.

The name of the Corporation is Tivic Health Systems, Inc. The Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation was filed with the

Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 7, 2021, amended on August 31, 2021, amended and restated on November 12, 2021, amended

on August 21, 2023, and amended on March 7, 2025 (as amended and restated, the “Certificate of Incorporation”).

2.

The Certificate of Incorporation is hereby amended by restating Article FIRST thereof to provide as follows:

“FIRST:

The name of this corporation is Valion Bio, Inc.”

3.

This Certificate of Amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the DGCL by the directors of

the Corporation.

4.

This Certificate of Amendment shall become effective at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time on April 28, 2026.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned

has executed this Certificate of Amendment this 22nd day of April, 2026.

TIVIC HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC.

By:

/s/ Michael K. Handley

Name: Michael K. Handley

Title: Chief Executive Officer

EX-99.1 — PRESS RELEASE, DATED APRIL 23, 2026.

EX-99.1

Filename: tivic_ex9901.htm · Sequence: 3

Exhibit 99.1

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Tivic Health Systems Rebrands as

Valion Bio, Reflecting Completed Transformation into a Late-Stage Biopharmaceutical Company with Government-Backed Asset and Potential

Multiple Revenue Stream Model

Ticker Symbol to Change from TIVC to VBIO Effective April 28, 2026;

Company Advancing Entolimod™ Toward BARDA Funding and Strategic National Stockpile Procurement While Velocity Bioworks CDMO Builds

Independent Revenue Base

SAN ANTONIO,

April 23, 2026 /PRNewswire/ — Tivic Health Systems, Inc. (Nasdaq: TIVC) today announced it is changing its corporate

name to Valion Bio, Inc. and its Nasdaq ticker symbol from TIVC to VBIO, effective at market open on Tuesday, April

28, 2026. The CUSIP number for the company’s common stock will remain unchanged.

The rebrand is not merely cosmetic. It reflects the completion of a

fundamental strategic transformation — the deliberate unwinding of a consumer medical device business and its replacement with a

focused late-stage biopharmaceutical platform anchored by a government-priority asset with over 15 years and more than $140 million in

cumulative development investment, and supported by a wholly owned biomanufacturing subsidiary.

A Differentiated Asset at the Intersection of National Preparedness

and Oncology

Valion Bio’s lead drug candidate,

Entolimod™, is a novel Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist with a differentiated, dual-utility profile. As a medical countermeasure

for Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS), Entolimod has received FDA Fast Track and Orphan Drug designations and is being advanced under the

FDA’s Animal Rule pathway — a regulatory framework that enables approval based on animal efficacy data when human trials are

not feasible or ethical, substantially reducing clinical execution risk. The company is actively engaged with BARDA, DTRA, NIAID, and

allied government agencies regarding Entolimod’s inclusion in the U.S. Strategic National Stockpile (SNS), where a procurement contract

— if secured — would represent a non-dilutive, potentially nine-figure revenue event.

Critically, Entolimod’s mechanism — cytoprotection of bone

marrow and gastrointestinal epithelial tissue through NF-κB signaling — positions it for parallel development in oncology

supportive care. The global neutropenia treatment market exceeds $22 billion and is projected to approach $30

billion by the early 2030s. Valion Bio is targeting physician-sponsored clinical trials in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in 2026, with

Phase IIb readiness as the objective. Entolasta™, a next-generation TLR5 agonist, provides additional pipeline depth and intellectual

property extension across both indications.

“The Valion Bio name

reflects the company we have become. We have a late-stage asset with validated biology, regulatory designations, a clear government procurement

pathway, and a world-class manufacturing operation under one roof. This is a different company than the one that existed 18 months ago

— and the new name should make that unmistakable to every investor, partner, and government stakeholder we engage.”

— Michael K. Handley, Chief Executive Officer, Valion

Bio

Handley, who previously served as CEO of Statera Biopharma, where he

led the advancement of Entolimod, brings direct institutional knowledge of the asset, its regulatory history, and its government agency

relationships. His appointment as CEO of Valion Bio in March 2026 consolidated scientific, commercial, and operational leadership of the

program under a single decision-maker with a proven track record in biologic drug development at scale.

1

Velocity Bioworks: Manufacturing as a Strategic and Financial

Asset

Valion Bio’s wholly owned CDMO subsidiary, Velocity Bioworks,

was acquired in December 2025 for approximately $16.3 million and represents a core pillar of the company’s strategy — not

a peripheral asset. Velocity Bioworks provides the company with domestic, controlled manufacturing capability for Entolimod, enabling

supply chain security that is increasingly a prerequisite for government procurement partnerships. The subsidiary also recently completed

a 200-fold manufacturing scale-up of Entolimod using 50-liter fermentation — on time, within budget, and meeting all purity and

potency specifications.

Beyond its internal role, Velocity Bioworks operates as a standalone

CDMO with the ability to serve third-party early-stage biotech clients, targeting the historically underserved Phase I and Phase II biologics

manufacturing gap. At full utilization, management believes Velocity Bioworks has the potential to evolve into a self-sustaining, cash

flow-positive operation — providing the company a path to non-dilutive commercial revenue independent of the drug development timeline.

Strategic Positioning and Macro Tailwinds

Valion Bio is deliberately headquartered in San Antonio, Texas —

proximity to the DoD biodefense ecosystem, including Brooke Army Medical Center, is not coincidental. The company’s ARS countermeasure

program sits at the intersection of several converging macro forces: a renewed federal focus on domestic biomanufacturing, accelerating

global demand for national preparedness infrastructure following heightened nuclear threat awareness, and a bipartisan mandate to rebuild

and modernize the Strategic National Stockpile. Allied government agencies are independently evaluating Entolimod for their own national

stockpiling programs, creating a potential multi-jurisdictional procurement opportunity.

About Valion Bio (Tivic Health Systems, Inc.)

Valion Bio is a late-stage

biopharmaceutical company developing biologics that activate innate immune pathways for cytoprotection and immune modulation. The company’s

lead candidate, Entolimod™, is a TLR5 agonist with over 15 years of development history, FDA Fast Track and Orphan Drug designations,

and active engagement with U.S. government agencies for potential Strategic National Stockpile inclusion. The company also advances Entolasta™,

a next-generation TLR5 agonist, and targets the neutropenia oncology supportive care market. Velocity Bioworks, Valion Bio’s wholly

owned CDMO subsidiary, supports internal manufacturing and services third-party biotech clients. For more information, visit https://ir.tivichealth.com

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release may contain

“forward-looking statements” that are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements

of historical fact, contained in this press release are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained in this press

release may be identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “could,”

“estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “seek,” “may,” “might,” “plan,”

“potential,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” “aim, “should,” “will,”

“would,” or the negative of these words or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain

these words. Forward-looking statements are based on Valion Bio, Inc.’s current expectations and are subject to inherent uncertainties,

risks, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Further, certain forward-looking statements are based on assumptions as to future

events that may not prove to be accurate, including as a result of the company’s interactions with and guidance from the FDA and

other regulatory authorities; the continued interest of BARDA and other U.S. government agencies in Entolimod™; the ability of the

company to achieve the expected benefits from the acquisition of development and manufacturing assets within expected time frames or at

all; changes to the company’s relationship with its partners; failure to obtain FDA or similar clearances or approvals and noncompliance

with FDA or similar regulations, including related to the Animal Rule; the company’s future development of Entolimod or Entolasta;

changes to the company’s business strategy; timing and success of pre-clinical and clinical trials and study results; regulatory

requirements and pathways for approval; the company’s ability to successfully commercialize its product candidates in the future;

changes in the markets and industries in which the company does business; consummation of any strategic transactions; the company’s

need for, and ability to secure when needed, additional working capital; the company’s ability to maintain its Nasdaq listing; and

changes in tariffs, inflation, legal, regulatory, political and economic risks. Accordingly, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance

on such forward-looking statements. For a discussion of risks and uncertainties relevant to the company, and other important factors,

see Valion Bio’s filings with the SEC, including, its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with

the SEC on March 30, 2026, under the heading “Risk Factors”, as well as the company’s subsequent filings with the SEC.

Forward-looking statements contained in this press release are made as of this date, and the company undertakes no duty to update such

information except as required by applicable law.

Investor Contact

ir@tivichealth.com

SOURCE: Valion Bio, Inc.

2

XML — IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT

XML

Filename: R1.htm · Sequence: 8

v3.26.1

Cover

Apr. 22, 2026

Cover [Abstract]

Document Type

8-K

Amendment Flag

false

Document Period End Date

Apr. 22, 2026

Current Fiscal Year End Date

--12-31

Entity File Number

001-41052

Entity Registrant Name

Tivic

Health Systems, Inc.

Entity Central Index Key

0001787740

Entity Tax Identification Number

81-4016391

Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code

DE

Entity Address, Address Line One

1305 E. Houston Street,

Entity Address, City or Town

San Antonio

Entity Address, State or Province

TX

Entity Address, Postal Zip Code

78205

City Area Code

888

Local Phone Number

276-6888

Written Communications

false

Soliciting Material

false

Pre-commencement Tender Offer

false

Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer

false

Title of 12(b) Security

Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

Trading Symbol

TIVC

Security Exchange Name

NASDAQ

Entity Emerging Growth Company

true

Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period

false

X

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_AmendmentFlag

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Area code of city

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_CityAreaCode

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Cover page.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_CoverAbstract

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:stringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:gMonthDayItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:dateItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_DocumentType

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:submissionTypeItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Name of the City or Town

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Code for the postal or zip code

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Name of the state or province.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:stateOrProvinceItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityCentralIndexKey

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:centralIndexKeyItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Indicate if an emerging growth company has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Securities Act

-Number 7A

-Section B

-Subsection 2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityFileNumber

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:fileNumberItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:edgarStateCountryItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityRegistrantName

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:employerIdItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Local phone number for entity.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_LocalPhoneNumber

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 13e

-Subsection 4c

+ Details

Name:

dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 14d

-Subsection 2b

+ Details

Name:

dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Title of a 12(b) registered security.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b

+ Details

Name:

dei_Security12bTitle

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:securityTitleItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection d1-1

+ Details

Name:

dei_SecurityExchangeName

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 14a

-Subsection 12

+ Details

Name:

dei_SolicitingMaterial

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_TradingSymbol

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:tradingSymbolItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Securities Act

-Number 230

-Section 425

+ Details

Name:

dei_WrittenCommunications

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration